Surveillance is frequently understood as aiming to monitor people’s past or present behaviour. But it also intends to shape our behaviour going forward. And of both dimensions, women and sexual and gender minorities are only too aware: they have always been under stringent surveillance - by actors ranging from partners and parents to the state - and this has shaped, and harmed, their lives in multiple ways. What can a gender perspective on both these dimensions of surveillance, then, teach us about the multiple harms of surveillance? And how can this understanding in turn strengthen our efforts to fight surveillance’s multiple harms? Our work on gender and surveillance provides insight into these questions and more.